COP28: Orderly And Just Phase-Out Of Fossil Fuels, Reduction In Unabated Coal Power — GST Text
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COP28: The second draft text of the Global Stocktake (GST) was released on December 5, 2023, the sixth day of the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference, or the 28th edition of Conference of Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP28) being held in Dubai. The GST is an assessment of progress made towards mitigating global warming since the Paris Agreement in 2015.
The draft text calls upon Parties to take action this decade towards several goals which have been mentioned as options.
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COP28 GST Draft Text: Orderly And Just Phase-Out Of Fossil Fuels
The GST draft text mentions an orderly and just phase-out of fossil fuels, and a rapid phase-out of unabated coal power this decade.
The second option which has been laid out for Parties, in the category which mentions an orderly and just phase-out of fossil fuels, is accelerating efforts towards phasing out unabated fossil fuels, and rapidly reducing their use to achieve net-zero carbon dioxide in energy systems by or around mid-century.
The third option in that category does not mention the phase-out of fossil fuels.
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COP28 GST Draft Text: Cessation Of Permitting Of New Unabated Coal Power Generation
Negotiators have also called upon Parties for an immediate cessation of the permitting of new unabated coal power generation. Unabated coal power plants are the ones which do not follow pollution control measures to reduce emissions from coal generation.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests a pathway for the reduction of unabated coal use by 75 per cent from 2019 levels by 2030, and the draft text recognises this suggestion.
COP28 GST Draft Text: Tripling Renewable Energy, Doubling Energy Efficiency
The GST text also mentions tripling renewable energy capacity globally by 2030 compared to the 2022 level to 11,000 Gigawatts, and doubling the global average annual rate of energy efficiency improvement compared to the 2022 level to 4.1 per cent by 2030. This means that the draft text has called upon Parties to double energy efficiency improvement’s annual rate.
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COP28 GST Draft Text: Scaling Up Zero And Low-Emission Technologies
Parties have also been urged to substantially scale up zero and low-emission technologies by 2030, including abatement and removal technologies, carbon capture, utilisation and storage, and low-carbon hydrogen production.
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COP28 GST Draft Text: Phase-Out Of Inefficient Fossil Fuel Subsidies, Increase Deployment Of Zero-Emission Vehicles
Negotiators who wrote the text have also called out to Parties to phase-out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, and to rapidly increase the deployment pace of zero-emission vehicles.
COP28 GST Draft Text: Increase In Clean Power Generation, Support To The Poorest And Vulnerable
The text reiterates its call upon Parties to accelerate the development, deployment, and dissemination of technologies, and the adoption of policies, to transition towards low-emission energy systems. For this, clean power generation must be increased, and energy efficiency measures implemented.
The Parties have been urged to provide targeted support to the poorest and most vulnerable, and recognise the need for support towards a just transition.
COP28 GST Draft Text: Reduction Of Non-Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The negotiators have also invited Parties to consider further actions to reduce non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. This should be done by reducing methane emissions globally by at least 30 per cent by 2030, and 40 per cent by 2035.
COP28 GST Draft Text: Preservation Of Oceans
Parties have also been invited to preserve and restore oceans and coastal ecosystems, and perform ocean-based mitigation action.
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COP28 GST Draft Text: Call To Scientific Community
Negotiators have invited the scientific community to continue enhancing knowledge on adaptation, and invited the IPCC to prepare a special report on adaptation.
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